Este artículo critica la constitucionalización de los derechos de la naturaleza como una construcción del discurso que refleja la colonización jurídica. Los derechos de la naturaleza reflejan una dicotomía cuya genealogía es la división entre naturaleza y cultura. Se propone un cambio de enfoque que consiste en diluir esta dicotomía, dando paso a la inclusión de los terceros provenientes del mundo indígena kichwa Saraguro y amazónico.

Este trabajo intenta dar contenido a los derechos de la naturaleza desde los pensamientos filosóficos de los pueblos indígenas, así como desde la interacción o encuentro entre diversas formas de conocimiento; en especial el de la Amazonía y el kichwa; pretendiendo construir otro saber-poder con el que se propone una crítica al dominante. Para ello el trabajo se estructura en tres partes: crítica, reconstrucción y aplicabilidad. La crítica consiste en un diagnóstico teórico desde la aproximación al fundamento filosófico dicotómico que (...) separa el ser humano de la naturaleza cosificándola evidenciando como esta dicotomía atraviesa los estudios disciplinares y transdisciplinares sobre sus derechos. La reconstrucción se elaborará desde la meta-física dusseliana y, finalmente, se intentará demostrar las implicaciones de la aplicación fáctica de esta propuesta, relacionada con: aprender, aprehender y desaprender a través de una perspectiva transdisciplinar y analéctica capaz de abarcar personas, plantas, animales, agua, piedras, etc. como un todo en armonía. (shrink)

El presente trabajo realiza una breve exposición de las estructuras de relación recíprocas del pueblo kichwa Saraguro en el actuar colectivo de la mukuna; dentro del mismo se devela la ética económica del cuidado de la vida que subyace a tal matriz, así como las normas que rigen su manifestación y desarrollo. Defiende la comunidad como campo de expresión de ciertas individualidades no individuales, de reafirmación comunitaria, de lucha y relación económico que destruye la acumulación del capital.

Este trabajo presenta una propuesta biologizada del arte y la Filosofía Indígena desde el pueblo kichwa Saraguro, con el fin de discutir especialmente los fundamentos de los derechos de la naturaleza. Aunque, hay que resaltar que, el sitio de enunciación no es estrictamente el lugar descrito; porque la matriz de discusión es el Sumak Kawsay que involucra a Latinoamérica en general. La metodología que se usa es la transdisciplinar. El orden de desarrollo está enmarcado en una primera parte que desarrolla (...) a modo teórico la presencia del arte y la estética en el mundo indígena. Luego, se presenta un breve análisis de campo, específicamente una discusión con el artista kichwa Saraguro Luis Antonio Lozano. Se concluye que existe un contenido religioso, espiritual o Trascendental en el arte y la estética kichwa Saraguro, que puede aportar para el desarrollo del fundamento filosófico de los derechos de la naturaleza y el Sumak Kawsay. (shrink)

Este trabajo critica la categoría blanquitud, en la corriente iniciada por Bolívar Echeverría. El método que se utiliza es el transdisciplinario, como pretensión de disolución de las parcelas de conocimiento. Se toma tres campos filosóficos: la Teología de la liberación; la Filosofía de la liberación y la Filosofía indígena. En el análisis lingüístico se utiliza como herramienta, la poesía y novela de Rosario Castellanos, Elena Poniatowska, Gioconda Belli y Ernesto Cardenal. El lugar de enunciación es el pueblo kichwa Saraguro. Se (...) postula que el Sumak Kawsay es un más allá de los derechos de la naturaleza; como uno de los antónimos de la blanquitud. Empero, la blanquitud no es solamente el color del capitalismo; es decir, si las personas son las que construyen las instituciones, entonces, son estos sujetos quienes cargan con lo blanco. La blanquitud es también un fenotipo del racismo: complejo de superioridad e inferioridad. Racismo que se traduce en posesión o acaparamiento económico, académico, político, etc. La reversión filosófica o descolonización de lo blanco se postula desde una educación sin dominación, a través de la concreción, cuidado y reproducción de la vida Sumak Kawsay. (shrink)

Este estudio propone algunas bases para investigar el pluralismo jurídico, la interculturalidad, los derechos de la naturaleza y el sumak kawsay. Es un discurso contextual con base real y proyección mundial desde los contextos indígenas. Su lugar de partida es el pueblo kichwa Saraguro, de la provincia de Loja, Ecuador. Su teoría permite hacer comparaciones con estudios etnológicos, antropológicos y sociológicos de la Amazonía, los pueblos kichwa de la Sierra y las reflexiones indigenistas. El método es interdisciplinar, antidisciplinar o transdisciplinar. (...) Aborda especialmente la construcción colonial del sujeto indígena y hace una reconstrucción histórica para mostrar lo negativo y lo positivo de esta. En la parte final se realiza una formulación de carácter ético de la filosofía indígena y de lo que se categoriza como sumak kawsay: cuidado o divinización de la vida. (shrink)

En el presente artículo analizaremos el estilo de vida atribuido a Sócrates por Jenofonte. El trabajo parte de la definición de conceptos propios de la medicina como _díaita _o _dýnamis _desde los pitagóricos y los presocráticos hasta el _Corpus Hippocraticum_. A continuación, estudiaremos la influencia de estas ideas en la construcción de un modelo universal de virtud y liderazgo en torno a Sócrates y otras figuras.

In this paper we present a new categorical approach which attempts to provide an original understanding of QM. Our logos categorical approach attempts to consider the main features of the quantum formalism as the standpoint to develop a conceptual representation that explains what the theory is really talking about —rather than as problems that need to be bypassed in order to allow a restoration of a classical “common sense” understanding of what there is. In particular, we discuss a solution to (...) Kochen-Specker contextuality through the generalization of the meaning of global valuation. This idea has been already addressed by the so called topos approach to QM —originally proposed by Isham, Butterfiled and D ̈oring— in terms of sieve-valued valuations. The logos approach to QM presents a different solution in terms of the notion of intensive valuation. This new solution stresses an ontological reading of the quantum formalism and the need to restore an objective conceptual representation and understanding of quantum physical reality. (shrink)

In this paper we attempt to discuss what has Kochen-Specker theorem to say about physical invariance and quantum individuality. In particular, we will discuss the impossibility of making reference to objective physical properties within the orthodox formalism of quantum mechanics. Through an analysis of the meaning of physical invariance and quantum contextuality we will derive a Corollary to KS theorem that proves that a vector in Hilbert space cannot be interpreted coherently as an object possessing physical properties. As a consequence, (...) the notion of quantum object can be only defined in terms of nomological properties. We conclude the paper by analyzing the consequences of this Corollary to KS theorem for the ongoing debate about quantum individuality. (shrink)

Si, pour Heidegger, Nietzsche représente le dernier penseur de la métaphysique, ce n’est pas seulement en raison de son appartenance à la conceptualité de l’onto-théologie ni des limites intrinsèques à sa tâche d’un renversement du platonisme. La lecture des traités et des cahiers posthumes concernant la pensée de l’ Ereignis précise la critique heideggérienne et la complète par l’opposition totale à la tentative d’un élevage ( Züchtung ) de l’être humain supérieur. En effet, Heidegger voit dans la notion d’élevage la (...) fixation voire la radicalisation, à l’époque de la fabrication ( Machenschaft ), de la définition métaphysique de l’être humain comme animal rationale. Contre la Züchtung nietzschéenne, il pense la possibilité d’une préparation ( Vorbereitung ) du Da-sein, comme la plus haute transformation de l’essence humaine. Ce sont les rapports de ces deux notions, l’élevage tel qu’il apparaît dans la critique heideggerienne de Nietzsche, et le concept qu’il lui oppose, la préparation, que nous analysons dans cet article, en exposant non seulement la manière dont l’un répond à l’autre, mais également les limites de ce couple de concepts. Par là, nous cherchons d’une part à mieux comprendre la place de Nietzsche dans le projet de l’histoire de l’Être, et, d’autre part, à déterminer la portée de son dépassement. (shrink)

In this paper I argue that some human reproductive genome editing interventions can be therapeutic in nature, and thus that it is false that all such interventions just create healthy individuals. I do this by showing that the conditions established by a therapy definition are met by certain reproductive genome editing interventions. I then defend this position against two objections: (a) reproductive genome editing interventions do not attain one of the two conditions for something to be a therapy, and (b) (...) some reproductive genome editing interventions are therapeutic but in a nonstandard way. In the Conclusion I call for a more nuanced discussion of the nature of reproductive genome editing interventions. (shrink)

In the literature on enculturation—the thesis according to which higher cognitive capacities result from transformations in the brain driven by culture—numerical cognition is often cited as an example. A consequence of the enculturation account for numerical cognition is that individuals cannot acquire numerical competence if a symbolic system for numbers is not available in their cultural environment. This poses a problem for the explanation of the historical origins of numerical concepts and symbols. When a numeral system had not been created (...) yet, people did not have the opportunity to acquire number concepts. But, if people did not have number concepts, how could they ever create a symbolic system for numbers? Here I propose an account of the invention of symbolic systems for numbers by anumeric people in the remote past that is compatible with the enculturation thesis. I suggest that symbols for numbers and number concepts may have emerged at the same time through the re-semantification of words whose meanings were originally non-numerical. (shrink)

This paper examines whether there are moral differences between the mitochondrial replacement techniques that have been recently developed in order to help women afflicted by mitochondrial DNA diseases to have genetically related children absent such conditions: maternal spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer. Firstly, it examines whether there is a moral difference between MST and PNT in terms of the divide between somatic interventions and germline interventions. Secondly, it considers whether PNT and MST are morally distinct under a therapy/creation optic. Finally, (...) it investigates whether there is a moral difference between MST and PNT from a human embryo destruction point of view. I conclude, contra recent arguments, that regarding the first two points there is no moral differences between PNT and MST; and that regarding the third one MST is morally preferable to PNT, but only if we hold a gradualist account of the moral value of human embryos where zygotes have slight moral value. (shrink)

El problema que se pretende resolver en este texto es el aporte del diálogo filosófico como unaaventura y experiencia que cura. El texto se justifica toda vez que ante una experiencia filosófica enla que las preguntas fundamentales parecen ser la fuente del quehacer filosófico, aparece el diálogocomo una excelente oportunidad de transformar la existencia y curar los males que aquejan alhombre postmoderno. El objetivo del texto se enmarca en la experiencia vital del filósofo quese ha dedicado toda su vida a (...) dar respuesta a inquietudes existenciales pero que en los actualesmomentos le apuesta al diálogo como la mejor manera de curar los males que nos aquejan. Laexperiencia curativa desde el filosofar transforma al ser humano y lo prepara para enfrentarlas grandes problemáticas de su quehacer cotidiano. La metodología utilizada fue de enfoquedescriptivo en la que las fuentes permitieron acercarse a la argumentación dialógica del filosofar.La experiencia íntima de la filosofía se da gracias al diálogo filosófico que, más que método, es unaexperiencia que posibilita la relación conmigo mismo, con los otros y con las cosas a través de lapalabra, la razón y la sensación que surge en el devenir mismo del diálogo; esto es lo que lleva aentender el diálogo como una experiencia que cura y transforma. Por medio del diálogo filosófico,se logra un autoconocimiento que tiene el poder de curar, sanar, reparar y transformar a la personahumana, al “hombre de carne y hueso”. (shrink)

Neste artigo apresentamos, de forma concisa e em português, alguns elementos-chave dos principais debates contemporâneos na filosofia da memória. Nosso principal objetivo é tornar essas discussões mais acessíveis aos leitores de língua portuguesa, fornecendo uma atualização importante para esforços anteriores (Sant’Anna & Michaelian, 2019a). Começamos introduzindo a noção de viagem no tempo mental, a qual estabelece a base empírica para a metodologia empregada em trabalhos recentes, antes de apresentar dois debates centrais. Primeiro, o debate entre causalistas e simulacionistas sobre a (...) teoria da lembrança filosoficamente correta (§2). Segundo, o debate entre continuístas e descontinuístas sobre a relação entre lembrança episódica e certas formas de imaginação (em particular, o pensamento episódico acerca do futuro) (§3). Na segunda parte do artigo, apresentamos e exploramos dois tópicos de discussão crescente: a natureza do sentimento de passado característico da memória episódica (§4) e questões de meta-nível relativas ao próprio caráter das controvérsias exploradas na primeira parte do artigo (§5). (shrink)

The capability approach is gaining momentum as a theory of corporate responsibility and business ethics at a time when the UN Guiding Principles have become a most important framework. A novel approach is now emerging that seeks to understand and specify human rights obligations of businesses within the framework provided by the capability approach. This article partially examines the triad corporate responsibility–human rights–capability approach by exploring the relationship between human rights and capabilities. Thus, it offers conceptual and practical implications for (...) a human rights perspective on corporate responsibility. The bulk of our thesis focuses on studying Nussbaum’s and Sen’s claim that human rights are entitlements to capabilities by means of a discussion of the notion of human dignity. In particular, we show the capability approach’s ability to dissipate theoretical and practical challenges posed by the notion of dignity. This article does not offer a detailed explanation of the implications of our investigation for human rights responsibilities of business. However, an outline of its potential contribution toward unfolding those obligations, conceptually and practically, is provided. (shrink)

Monitoring systems have recently arisen to verify compliance with corporate codes of conduct for labor. This article places codes in the context of broader debates on global governance and argues for an empowered participatory approach to international labor standards focusing on enabling rights. Based on ethnographic research in Mexico and Guatemala on the implementation of codes in the apparel sector and their use in cross-border organizing campaigns, it explores the effect of monitoring on worker empowerment and working conditions in global (...) factories. The analysis highlights institutional designs and political strategies capable of contributing to the protection of international labor rights. (shrink)

Some Comments on de Melo-Martin and Harris.

In this paper we derive a theorem which proves that the physical interpretation implied by the first postulate of quantum mechanics is inconsistent with the orthodox formalism. In order to expose this inconsistency we will analyze how the concept of ‘physical system’ is built within classical theories through the notion of invariance and explain in what sense a vector in Hilbert space is not capable of fulfilling these same mathematical conditions. Through an analysis of the mathematical formalism we derive a (...) No Dynamical Invariance theorem which proves that, contrary to what is claimed in the first postulate, a vector in Hilbert space cannot be interpreted coherently as the state of a physical system. We conclude the paper by analyzing the consequences of the NDI theorem with respect to several ongoing debates in QM. (shrink)

In this paper we we will argue against the orthodox definition of quantum entanglement which has been implicitly grounded on several widespread presuppositions which have no relation whatsoever to the formalism of QM. We will show how these presuppositions have been introduced through a naive interpretation of the quantum mathematical structure which assumes dogmatically that the theory talks about "small particles" represented by pure states which suddenly "collapse" when a measurement takes place. In the second part of this paper we (...) will present a non-collapse approach to QM which makes no use whatsoever of particle metaphysics, escaping the need to make reference to space-time separability or the restriction to certain predictions of definite valued binary properties. Our paper ends up concluding the essential need to redefine the notion of quantum entanglement, at least in the cases of: i) non-collapse interpretations of QM; or, ii) any other interpretation which abandons the idea that QM makes reference to "small particles". (shrink)

In this paper we consider the notion of quantum entanglement from the perspective of the logos categorical approach [26, 27]. Firstly, we will argue that the widespread distinctions, on the one hand, between pure states and mixed states, and on the other, between separable states and entangled states, are completely superfluous when considering the orthodox mathematical formalism of QM. We will then argue that the introduction of these distinctions within the theory of quanta is due to another two completely unjustified (...) metaphysical presuppositions, namely, the idea that there is a “collapse” of quantum states when being measured and the idea that QM talks about “elementary particles”. At distance from these distinctions and taking the logos approach as a standpoint, we will propose an objective formal account of the notion of entanglement in terms of potential coding which introduces the necessary distinction between intensive relations and effective relations. We will also discuss how this new definition of entanglement provides an anschaulich content to this —supposedly “spooky”— quantum relational feature. (shrink)

Anti-exceptionalists about logic claim that logical methodology is not different from scientific methodology when it comes to theory choice. Two anti-exceptionalist accounts of theory choice in logic are abductivism and predictivism. These accounts have in common reliance on pre-theoretical logical intuitions for the assessment of candidate logical theories. In this paper, I investigate whether intuitions can provide what abductivism and predictivism want from them and conclude that they do not. As an alternative to these approaches, I propose a Carnapian view (...) on logical theorizing according to which logical theories do not simply account for pre-theoretical intuitions, but rather improve on them. In this account, logical theories are ameliorative, rather than representational. (shrink)

Children created through mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are commonly presented as possessing 50% of their mother’s nuclear DNA, 50% of their father’s nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial DNA of an egg donor. This lab-engineered genetic composition has prompted two questions: Do children who are the product of an MRT procedure have threegeneticparents? And, do MRT egg donors have parental responsibilities for the children created? In this paper, I address the second question and in doing so I also address the first (...) one. First, I present a brief account of mitochondrial diseases and MRTs. Second, I examine how MRTs affect the numerical identity of eggs and zygotes. Third, I investigate two genetic accounts of parenthood and MRT egg donation. Fourth, I explore three causal accounts of parenthood and MRT egg donation. My conclusion is that, under the appropriate circumstances, MRT egg donors are parentally responsible for the children created under genetic accounts of parenthood and under causal accounts of parenthood. (shrink)

Our article deals with Aristotle’s account of the sphere of temperance in the Nicomachean Ethics. The goal is to provide a detailed analysis of NE III.10 in order to identify the difficulties this chapter presents us with and to introduce and discuss the interpretations set forth by the secondary literature. Of special interest to us are Aristotle’s intense dialogue with Plato; the difficulty in understanding touch as the most common of the senses and Aristotle’s severe judgment of the pleasures of (...) the sphere of temperance. In short, Aristotle seems to set out from platonic thesis and notions only to distance himself from them by introducing his own, associating temperance with the most common of the senses, namely, the sense of touch. This association is not based, as it could seem primafacie, on a merely empirical observation but on the assumption that touch is the most fundamental and necessary sense for humans and animals alike. Temperance, therefore, as the excellence in the relation with the most fundamental and necessary of the senses, seems to be a pre-condition for rational action. From this Aristotle derives the etymology of the term, as the one who preserves practical reason. This hypothesis would explain why Aristotle seems to engage in apotreptic language to characterize the lack of temperance, that is, the vice of intemperance – something we do not find the in the account of any other virtue and vice. (shrink)

This paper discusses why the work of Eduardo Nicol, still not translated and mostly unknown outside of the Hispanic context, deserves more attention, for two main reasons. First, the novelty of his meditations concerning phenomenology, following the steps of Husserl and Heidegger, but taking a different turn. Furthermore, several scholars have noted how his phenomenological project intertwines with the anthropological question, fostering a new approach to the question concerning “who are we?”. Our aim is to explore how Nicol, while setting (...) foot in the founders of phenomenology, departs from previous interpretations of its method, to advance a new dialectical phenomenology that could contribute to the actual debates on anthropological phenomenology. In order to do so, we will first examine how his vision of the phenomenological task involves an historical interpretation of metaphysics and a critique of two fundamental concepts: the transcendental reduction (Husserl) and the thesis of an “occultation of being” (Heidegger). A careful reading of Nicol’s philosophy would allow us to go a step further and explain how, according to him, phenomenology should become an analysis of the dialectical presence between being/beings. Finally, we will show that the answer to the question “who are we?” is to be found inside this dialectic, in what Nicol identifies as the historical phenomenon of expression, encouraging a new dialogue with other phenomenologies of the body⸺and beyond. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca refletir, a partir das ideias de Hannah Arendt, como é possível que o fascismo em seu ideário totalitário encontre solo fértil para germinar e prosperar no seio de democracias contemporâneas estabelecidas, cujas constituições preveem a garantia plena do respeito aos direitos humanos. Uma vez que se busca tratar sobre o fenômeno da nova escalada autoritária no mundo ocidental, mais particularmente no Brasil dos últimos anos, serão tomados como referência teórica conceitos centrais no pensamento arendtiano: outlaw, direito (...) a ter direitos e burocracia. Tais conceitos podem ser úteis à compreensão do contexto político contemporâneo. O conceito de outlaw, que estabelece o tipo ideal do pária político, pode ser personificado na figura dos povos originários e minorias esmagadas em seus direitos pelo ideário supremacista, o direito a ter direitos, o qual denuncia a crise do Estado-nação em sua dificuldade estrutural de preservar os direitos humanos e o conceito de burocracia, que ajuda a explicar o caráter estático das instituições diante da “livre” escalada de manifestações e atos de arbítrio e difusão de ideias totalitárias, formam um panorama bastante razoável da escalada fascista, em especial no Brasil bolsonarista, auxiliando na análise e no diagnóstico da intervenção imediata, no sentido de preservação dos valores democráticos. (shrink)

En el presente artículo analizamos en sus aspectos fundamentales la evolución teórica que ha experimentado la interpretación de la obra de Marx desde las primeras corrientes que se derivan de ella hasta las más actuales. Nos ocupamos primero del marxismo tradicional, de su concepción determinista del materialismo histórico y su interpretación historicista de la teoría del valor. Abordamos después las corrientes del marxismo occidental que se oponen a las concepciones reduccionistas y economicistas de la interpretación marxista dominante, para centrarnos finalmente (...) en las interpretaciones más recientes de la teoría social de Marx como crítica del carácter fetichista de las formas de conciencia burguesas y las categorías de la economía política. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente artículo es fortalecer el aprendizaje y la calidad educativa en el trabajo colaborativo, evaluando estrategias didácticas y aplicando la estrategia de diseño de textos académicos en la licenciatura de Mercadotecnia, respondía a la cuestión ¿De qué manera la debilidad en el aprendizaje y baja calidad educativa en el trabajo colaborativo repercuten en las deficiencias de la aplicación de la estrategia didáctica del diseño de textos académicos? La investigación es de tipo mixto, la metodología de la Investigación–Acción. (...) El estudio dio resultados en el trabajo colaborativo porque ayudo a los alumnos a adquirir conocimientos. (shrink)

Resumen: En este artículo presentamos a san Agustín como punto de partida de la reflexión de Husserl respecto del tiempo y la correlación entre memoria y Erinnerung. La investigación fenomenológica de Husserl acerca de la conciencia interna del tiempo parte de la reflexión de san Agustín por el mismo problema. En estas obras, el tiempo se puede medir porque hay una distentio animi. En Husserl, Die Erinnerung nos coloca ante una conexión infinita de “antes”, pues toda percepción se encuentra en (...) una relación de multiplicidad de percepciones. Ambos pensadores están unidos por la vocación de dar cuenta de la propia inmanencia.: This article presents Saint Agustin as a starting point for Husserl’s reflection on time and the correlation between memory and Erinnerung. Husserl’s phenomenological research on the internal consciousness of time starts from the reflection of St. Augustine on the same problem. In this works, time can be measured because there is distentio animi. In Husserl, Die Erinnerung places us in the face of an infinite “before” connection, because all perceptions are to be found on a relationship of multiplicity of perceptions. Both thinkers are united by the vocation to account for their own immanence. (shrink)

In this book, the author proposes an understanding of corporate responsibility that can be captured in the answer to the following question: What are the implications for companies, as main drivers of economic activity (Part III), of the idea that the purpose of the economy is to create wealth (Part I) within the normative-ethical framework of human rights (Part II)? Enderle crafts a solid, well-thought and comprehensive account of corporate responsibility as a means to create wealth, understood in an expansive (...) manner. His notion of wealth encompasses social capital, natural, economic and human wealth, both at the public and private levels. To substantiate those dimensions, Enderle draws on the capability approach. Enderle proposes human rights – and, more specifically, the United Nations Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights – as normative framework to guide corporate responsibility in its wealth creating endeavor. Enderle’s work is innovative in many respects. But, eventually, the book does not put forward a viable solution to major challenges affecting today’s world. By staying within the framework of voluntariness in an economic system driven by the profit motive and shareholder capitalism, his proposal falls short of the task. (shrink)

This paper has the following structure: in the first section, I report on the historical and philosophical roots of the problems of knowledge and justification; in the second, I lay out the distinction between truth and epistemic justification; the third section is devoted to the problem of circularity, a problem often attributed to coherentism; in the fourth section, I introduce an unorthodox notion of justification, systemic justification; in the fifth, I present and criticize another unorthodox notion of justification, non-linear inferential (...) justification; in the sixth, I discuss a few other distinctions and focus on the propositional and doxastic forms of justification; the examination of those forms is subsequently developed in the seventh section; I conclude with a reflection on the nature and limits of my proposal. (shrink)

Nosso objetivo, no presente artigo, é propor uma articulação entre a teoria da individuação de Gilbert Simondon e a teoria da investigação de John Dewey. Em relação à primeira, serão enfatizados os aspectos “biológico” e “psíquico” de individuação; quanto à segunda, ressaltaremos seus principais elementos naturalistas e epistemológicos, assim como os conceitos mais gerais de “experiência” e de “natureza” de Dewey. Defenderemos que o processo de individuação tem estreita relação com a capacidade, possuída por todo indivíduo vivo, de solucionar problemas (...) ou situações de conflito resultantes de sua constante interação com o ambiente. Proporemos, mais precisamente, uma conexão teórica entre o princípio ou conceito de individuação e a ideia de que existe no organismo vivente uma aptidão investigativa que não apenas restaura seu equilíbrio “metaestável”, como também, e ao mesmo tempo, lhe proporciona sempre uma nova individualidade, tanto biológica como psíquica. Esperamos obter, como resultado deste processo de síntese envolvendo as ideias de Simondon e de Dewey, uma compreensão ampliada das respectivas teorias da individuação e da investigação. (shrink)

Resumen Este artículo estudia la transformación de las bases del escepticismo antiguo en el pensamiento agustiniano; para presentar el proceso se parte de la crisis que supuso la ruptura con experiencia maniquea, se distingue su preocupación y consideración sobre el modo y los límites del conocimiento y se analiza la función de la imagen mítica de Proteo en Contra Académicos; esta imagen permite ponderar la capacidad de la representación mítica como contrafuerte del carácter discursivo del saber humano. Mediante este recurso, (...) san Agustín afirma que la razón no puede quedar aislada de otros modos complementarios de comprensión, hace propio el núcleo de la actitud escéptica y amplía la noción de racionalidad para la filosofía cristiana.This paper studies the transformation of the foundations of ancient skepticism in Augustinian thought; to present the process we start from the crisis that led to the break with Manichaean experience, we distinguished their concern and consideration about the mode and limits of knowledge and analyzed the function of Proteo's mythical image in Contra academicos; this image allows us to weigh the capacity of mythical representation as a buttress of the discursive character of human knowledge. Through this resource, St. Augustine affirms that reason cannot be isolated from other complementary modes of understanding, appropriates the core of the skeptical attitude and broadens the notion of rationality for Christian philosophy. (shrink)

Francisco Romero es una de las personalidades más significativas de América Latina. Sus escritos, su labor pedagógica, la difusión de su pensamiento y el intercambio epistolar con figuras de renombre internacional dan muestra de ello. En el trabajo nos detenemos en este último aspecto para comprobar su manifiesta intención de construir una red intelectual de filósofos en América Latina. También están presentes las inquietudes editoriales tanto de Romero, como de sus pares mexicanos. Asimismo hacemos hincapié en el tópico del exilio (...) y la Guerra Civil Española a través de las cartas que el autor argentino recibió de algunos refugiados en México. El análisis de esta fuente histórica nos permite ver el estado del campo intelectual de la región en los años estudiados, al mismo tiempo que indica un panorama valioso del contexto histórico argentino y de América Latina. Francisco Romero is one of the most significant intellectuals in Latin America. His writings, his teaching, the dissemination of his thought, and the exchange of letters with internationally renowned figures are evidence of his legacy. In this paper we focus on this last aspect to prove the manifest intent of building an intellectual network of philosophers in Latin America. The editorial concerns of both Romero as well as his Mexican counterparts are present. We also focus on the topic of exile and the Spanish Civil War, through the letters that the Argentine author received from refugees in Mexico. The analysis of this historical source shows the state of the intellectual field of the region in the period studied, at the same time that it provides a valuable overview of the historical context in Argentina and Latin America. (shrink)

We propose a simple situation in which the magnetic Aharonov–Bohm potential influences the values of the deficiency indices of the initial Schrödinger operator, so determining whether the particle interacts with the solenoid or not. Even with the particle excluded from the magnetic field, the number of self-adjoint extensions of the initial Hamiltonian depends on the magnetic flux. This is a new point of view of the Aharonov–Bohm effect.

In this paper we attempt to consider quantum superpositions from the perspective of the logos categorical approach presented in [26]. We will argue that our approach allows us not only to better visualize the structural features of quantum superpositions providing an anschaulich content to all terms, but also to restore —through the intensive valuation of graphs and the notion of immanent power— an objective representation of what QM is really talking about. In particular, we will discuss how superpositions relate to (...) some of the main features of the theory of quanta, namely, contextuality, paraconsistency, probability and measurement. (shrink)

Book reviews: NOGUEIRA, Paulo Augusto de Souza. Religião e linguagem: abordagens teóricas interdisciplinares. São Paulo: Paulus, 2015. 446 p.. ISBN 978-85-349-4187-7.

O presente estudo visa esclarecer os pontos de convergência entre Paulo Freire e Anísio Teixeira referentes aos temas da produção da democracia no Brasil de fins da década de 1950. Para tanto, são tomados como fonte os textos de Freire Educação e atualidade brasileira e Educação como prática da liberdade. O cotejo das idéias de Anísio e Freire permite observar importantes convergências entre ambos, quanto ao papel da educação na formação dos hábitos democráticos e da construção da sociedade democrática, por (...) meio de grandes esforços educativos. Tal proximidade é bastante perceptível até a segunda obra freireana, Educação como prática da liberdade, ficando menos evidente nas obras posteriores. À medida que Freire produz novos textos e participa de novas experiências políticas e educativas, no Chile, junto aos camponeses, suas reflexões priorizam temas como a ruptura entre opressores e oprimidos e a revolução como ação cultural. (shrink)

El texto reflexiona sobre el vaciamiento neoliberal de la política, despolitizando la vida y cuantificando la realidad. El neoliberalismo enaltece la libertad individual, llevando a un individualismo extremo que amenaza el tejido social. La destrucción creativa moldea cuerpos y subjetividades, promoviendo competencia y autosacrificio. La exterioridad neoliberal afecta a los individuos, enfocándolos en su propia libertad y bloqueando su capacidad de actuar con otros. La crítica se centra en recuperar la sensibilidad y el deseo para restaurar la vida colectiva, explorando (...) la relación entre el cuerpo entristecido y la lógica neoliberal de acumulación y autorresponsabilidad, sugiriendo que puede generar cuerpos tristes y descontentos -todo esto en atención a una ontología spinozista-. Se critica, así, el culto a la vida en la sociedad neoliberal y cómo se marginaliza a los cuerpos vulnerables, abogando por abrazar la vulnerabilidad y la interdependencia para superar la lógica destructiva y la obsesión por la acumulación. (shrink)

En el presente artículo exploramos el contexto filosófico de la obra de Tucídides. A través del análisis de la verdad en la obra de Tucídides definimos una conexión intelectual con filósofos presocráticos como Parménides de Elea y Gorgias de Leontinos.

Este artigo busca um diálogo entre a filosofia e a música, esta tratada mais como área do conhecimento do que como fenômeno estético ou social. Procurando uma superação da classificação de Boécio, que colocava o teórico como o terceiro e mais elevado tipo de músico – acima do instrumentista e do poeta –, notamos que a hermenêutica gadameriana impõe uma reunião do aspecto prático e teórico no âmbito da interpretação que acredito oferecer fundamento para uma epistemologia da interpretação musical. O (...) que a classificação boeciana perde de vista é que a música – como toda a proposição artística– é uma forma de pensamento. Gadamer vem aqui em nosso encontro através de seu livro Verdade e Método, um dos mais sólidos trabalhos em epistemologia do século XX, na medida em que determina a obra de arte “ ao lado da experiência da filosofia ”, como “a mais peremptória advertência à consciência científica, no sentido de reconhecer seus limites”. É nesta chave que desenvolvemos um modelo preliminar de constituição interpretativa, partindo do caráter universal da hermenêutica, proposto por Gadamer a partir do fenômeno da compreensão em sua concepção mais geral, Esse modelo precisaria ser, ao mesmo tempo, sistemático e aberto. E tem, ao mesmo tempo, implicações filosóficas sobre a atuação histórico-social do músico pesquisador. Em uma abordagem assim, justifica-se não só a presença da música enquanto disciplina da Universidade, mas também o fato – incômodo para alguns, especialmente ligados à tradição da musikwissenschaft – de essa presença assumir a herança do modelo conservatorial do aprendizado de ofício, não mais como uma tradição antiga e aceita, mas como um ponto de partida para novas proposições artísticas. Além, é claro, de uma forma sólida de conhecimento. (shrink)